破碎机电机总发烫，转着转着就跳闸，破碎机电机发热可(ke)不(bu)(bu)是小(xiao)问题(ti)，处理不(bu)(bu)好(hao)可(ke)能烧电(dian)机(ji)，某砂石场就(jiu)因这(zhei)停了三(san)天工，损失不(bu)(bu)少(shao)。老电(dian)工李师傅说(shuo)：“电(dian)机(ji)发热就(jiu)像人发烧，得找(zhao)到病根，光降(jiang)温不(bu)(bu)治病没(mei)用。”​

一、电机 “发烧” 的常见病根​

接线(xian)松(song)动会 “偷偷耗电(dian)(dian)”。某颚破的电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)接线(xian)端(duan)子松(song)了，接头(tou)处(chu)冒火星，电(dian)(dian)流(liu)比平时(shi)大了两成，电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)外壳烫(tang)得能煎鸡蛋(dan)。李(li)师傅的法子是：每月用扳手紧(jin)一(yi)次接线(xian)柱，接线(xian)时(shi)多(duo)缠两圈(quan)绝缘(yuan)胶带，某生产线(xian)这(zhei)么做后，再没因接线(xian)问(wen)题(ti)烧(shao)电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)。还有的电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)内部线(xian)头(tou)断了一(yi)股，某反击破的电(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)就这(zhei)样，看着转得正常，实则电(dian)(dian)流(liu)不稳，温度忽(hu)高(gao)忽(hu)低，换了新绕(rao)组才好。​

负载太大(da)会(hui) “累(lei)坏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)”。某(mou)圆锥(zhui)破喂料太猛，破碎(sui)腔堵得满满当当，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji) “闷” 得转不动，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流飙升到额定值的(de)(de) 1.5 倍，没(mei)半小时就烫手。某(mou)操(cao)作工的(de)(de)经验是：给料机(ji)(ji)调慢点，让电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流保(bao)持在(zai)额定值的(de)(de) 80% 以内，像人挑担子，别超负重。硬料太多也会(hui)过(guo)载，某(mou)花岗岩矿的(de)(de)破碎(sui)机(ji)(ji)，遇到大(da)块硬岩时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流突(tu)然变大(da)，后来装了(le)过(guo)载保(bao)护器，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)超就停机(ji)(ji)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)再(zai)没(mei)烧过(guo)。​

风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan) “偷懒” 散(san)热差(cha)。某锤破的电机风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)叶子(zi)断了(le)(le)(le)一片，转起来(lai) “呼哧呼哧” 的，散(san)热效果降了(le)(le)(le)一半，电机温度比(bi)平时高 15℃。换(huan)风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)得(de)认(ren)准型号，某生产线换(huan)了(le)(le)(le)个大一号的风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)，风(feng)(feng)量够(gou)了(le)(le)(le)，温度立马降下来(lai)。还有的风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)罩被(bei)粉尘堵(du)死，某水泥厂的电机风(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)罩积了(le)(le)(le)层厚灰，像盖了(le)(le)(le)床被(bei)子(zi)，清理干(gan)净后，温度降了(le)(le)(le) 10℃。​

轴(zhou)承磨(mo)损会 “摩擦生热”。电机轴(zhou)承缺油或磨(mo)损，转(zhuan)起来(lai)像 “生锈的合页”，某(mou)重锤破的电机轴(zhou)承磨(mo)出了深沟，转(zhuan)着(zhe)转(zhuan)着(zhe)就 “嗡嗡” 响(xiang)，温度(du)越升越高。李师(shi)傅每周都(dou)给轴(zhou)承加润滑脂，用黄(huang)油枪(qiang)打 2-3 下，刚好填满(man)轴(zhou)承空隙(xi)的一(yi)半(ban)，某(mou)电机这样(yang)保(bao)养后(hou)，轴(zhou)承能用两(liang)年，比原(yuan)来(lai)多撑(cheng)一(yi)年。​

环(huan)境太热 “火上(shang)浇油”。夏天(tian)露天(tian)作业(ye)，电机被太阳(yang)直晒，温(wen)度(du)(du)本身就高，某沙场的(de)电机在(zai) 38℃的(de)环(huan)境下，外壳(qiao)温(wen)度(du)(du)达 70℃，后(hou)来搭了(le)(le)个(ge)遮阳(yang)棚(peng)，再装个(ge)工(gong)业(ye)风扇对(dui)着吹，温(wen)度(du)(du)降到 55℃。车间(jian)里的(de)电机也得通风，某车间(jian)堆(dui)了(le)(le)太多物(wu)料(liao)，挡住了(le)(le)电机散热，移开(kai)物(wu)料(liao)后(hou)，温(wen)度(du)(du)降了(le)(le) 8℃。​

二、给电机 “降温” 的实用招​

先测电(dian)流找问题。用钳形(xing)电(dian)流表测电(dian)机电(dian)流，某(mou)颚破(po)的电(dian)流超(chao)过额定值 10%，说明负载大，得调给料量；电(dian)流忽高忽低(di)，可能是接线松(song)了，某(mou)生产线测完电(dian)流，发(fa)现(xian)是接线端子氧化(hua)，用砂纸打(da)磨后就正常了。​

定期保养别偷懒。每月清一次(ci)风扇罩(zhao)和散热片(pian)(pian)，某电机的散热片(pian)(pian)被粉尘糊住(zhu)，清理后散热面积多了三(san)成。每季(ji)度(du)检查一次(ci)轴承，用手晃(huang)电机轴，有间隙就(jiu)换轴承，某操作(zuo)工发现轴能晃(huang)动(dong) 1 毫(hao)米，及(ji)时换了轴承，没出大(da)问题。​

高温(wen)(wen)(wen)天加 “辅(fu)助降温(wen)(wen)(wen)”。给电(dian)机(ji)外壳包层隔热棉，某露天电(dian)机(ji)这样做后，日晒时温(wen)(wen)(wen)度低了(le) 10℃。环境温(wen)(wen)(wen)度超(chao)过 35℃时，给电(dian)机(ji)加个水冷套，某钢厂的电(dian)机(ji)装了(le)水冷套，进水温(wen)(wen)(wen)度 20℃，出水温(wen)(wen)(wen)度 35℃，电(dian)机(ji)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度稳(wen)(wen)稳(wen)(wen)的。​

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